Is Marijuana A Solution For The Opioid Epidemic Example For Students

Is Marijuana A Solution For The Opioid Epidemic? An Opioid Epidemic in the United States The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as of late distributed an investigation that indicated tranquilize overdoses are the main source of unplanned passings in the United States †outperforming even that of car crashes (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). A greater part of these passings are identified with remedy sedatives and heroin use. Sedatives are medicates normally endorsed as torment relievers, including oxycodone, codeine, morphine, and fentanyl. The class of medications additionally incorporates the illegal medication, heroin (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). Remedy narcotics are as of now associated with â€Å"more overdose passings than some other drug† with 20,101 related passings in 2015 †multiple times the number in 1999 (â€Å"Overdose Death Rates†). Heroin overdoses have additionally risen fourfold in the previous 16 years, with 12,990 passings in 2015 (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). Many are calling this sensational increment in narcot ic related overdose passings in the United States a â€Å"Opioid Epidemic.† This pestilence has three principle markers: increments in deals and solutions of sedatives, high paces of narcotic related mortality, and a flood in admissions to treatment habitats for sedative addictions. Driving this pestilence is the flood in the remedy of sedatives, which almost significantly increased from 76 million solutions filled 1991 to 259 million solutions filled in 2011 †comparing to the emotional increment in narcotic related overdose passings (Nolan). A considerable lot of these painkillers are in any event, being endorsed for conditions they have been demonstrated ineffectual for, including constant agony. This expansion in deals and use for solution sedatives is risky on the grounds that narcotics are related with a high danger of overdose passing and compulsion. Numerous investigations additionally point to a solid causal connection between remedy narcotics and heroin use. As per the American Society of Addiction Medicine, a study of new heroin clients found that four out of five began mishandling solution narcotics (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). Heroin is an a lot deadlier and addictive medication, with 23% of clients building up a sedative fixation (â€Å"Opioid Addiction†). The overdose potential for the two medications is high on the grounds that patients’ resilience to the poisonous impact of narcotics assembles more slow than resistance to its euphoric impacts (â€Å"Opiates (Narcotics)†). Many recommend that cannabis could be a remedy for this ascent in risky sedative use since examines show that maryjane is less addictive than narcotics and have a close to zero potential for overdosing (Hall and Pacula). This paper will break down whether maryjane could go about as an elective treatment for conditions generally rewarded by narcotics and how clinical weed sanctioning effects tricky use, impact the flexibly of sedatives driving the issue, and impacts heroin and sedative use rates that describe the narcotic pandemic. Cannabis as Treatment Substitute In â€Å"Cannabinoids for Medical Use: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis,† the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) assessed 79 applicable preliminaries that inspected the effect of pot on an expansive scope of conditions that pot is ordinarily recommended for, for example, interminable torment, sickness and retching because of chemotherapy, spasticity from different sclerosis, and dozing issue (Whiting et al.). Despite the fact that they additionally found that cannabinoids were related with moderate upgrades for the greater part of the conditions broke down, a larger part of the investigations had high dangers of predisposition or the enhancements were not measurably noteworthy (Whiting et al.). The JAMA examination found â€Å"moderate-quality evidence† that bolsters a â€Å"30% or more prominent improvement in torment with a cannabinoid contrasted and a placebo† (Whiting et al.). In any case, this useful impact was joined by the expanded dan ger of transient unfriendly impacts, including unsteadiness, queasiness, and weariness from the cannabinoids themselves. Notwithstanding the unfavorable impacts, this capability of cannabinoids to mitigate constant agony is promising. There is a lot of discussion over opiates’ adequacy in rewarding non-disease constant torment (â€Å"Opioids for Chronic Pain†). In certain patients, because of a blend of resilience †the change of the body to measurement after some time †and narcotic incited hyperalgesia †an expanding affectability to torment, narcotics assumed control over an all-inclusive timeframe may really build the measure of torment experienced (â€Å"Opiates for Chronic Pain†). In the event that weed can treat constant agony better than sedatives can over an all-encompassing timeframe, at that point pot can fill in for sedatives. Not exclusively could lessen sedative related symptoms, however it could likewise decrease the remedy measurements required. Therefore, less narcotics would should be recommended, lessening the gracefully accessible for use and abuse. Cannabis as a treatment substitute could bring down hazard for sedative related habit and possibly overdoses. .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .postImageUrl , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .focused content territory { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:hover , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:visited , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:active { border:0!important; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 { show: square; progress: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-change: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:active , .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:hover { darkness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: r elative; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-embellishment: underline; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt span: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe sweep: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-improvement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u717aa2dd7 795128099e55c794fb9fac5 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u717aa2dd7795128099e55c794fb9fac5:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Prevention For Opioid Drug AbuseAbrams and his partners examined the impact of weed sedative association in patients with ceaseless agony. They directed disintegrated cannabis to 21 patients with different conditions who were accepting either oxycodone or morphine in stable portions (Abrams et al.). Following five days of regulating the fume, the specialists assessed the patients’ torment level and found a normal torment decrease of 27.2% when cannabis was added to the sedative. This noteworthy decrease in torment proposes maryjane upgrades the agony mitigating impact of narcotics. Since less sedatives are expected to accomplish a similar impact, blending narcotics with maryjane might take into consideration lower narcotic dosages and a going with decline in narcotic related symptoms, for example, sickness and sedation (Abrams et al.). This proposes another treatment for incessant agony †a blend of both cannabis and narcotics to limit the measure of introduction to each medication. In addition to the fact that this would bring down the danger of sedative reliance, yet in addition limit the danger of long haul hurts related with cannabis utilize that may in any case be obscure.

Analyzing TM Berhad using Bolman and Deal’s Four Frames :: essays research papers

Bolman and Deal’s Four Frames: Case Report 1.0     Introduction The motivation behind this paper is to break down TM Berhad utilizing Bolman and Deal’s four casings, according to figure 1 underneath. Bolman and Deal recommends that ‘Leaders like every other person, see their encounters through a lot of preconditioned focal points and filters’ (Bolman and Deal, 1991, p 510) (Adjusted from Bolman and Deal, 1997) In this paper, we have inspected our organization of decision, TM Berhad, using every one of these four casings as a â€Å"spectacle† to decide the authority approach of its administration, and afterward specifying the more unmistakable of the edges utilized. TM Berhad was picked for our case investigation, because of accessibility of information from huge inclusion on the organization granted by the media. 2.0     Telekom Berhad (â€Å"TM†)- Profile TM is a legislature connected company, through its significant investor Khazanah Malaysia (Khazanah), the Malaysian Government’s principle venture vehicle. It is a significant part of the Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange Berhad Composite Index. In 2004, another Group Chief Executive Officer, Dato Abdul Wahid canister Omar was named by Khazanah under a general patch up exercise of the GLCs. TM is the primary across the nation supplier of media transmission administrations. It has x no of auxiliaries and works in three center working regions of: †¢ Telco-Its center media transmission business †¢ Telekom Multimedia-Develops new media organizations †¢ ServiceCo-Oversees operational exercises, for example, armada and property the board. The fixed line business and private telephone utilities remain the center business of TM. TM’s association graph is delineated in figure 2 beneath: Figure 2 3.0â â â â â Four â€Frame Analysis Our four-outline investigation (Figure 3 above) uncovers that TM, similar to some other present day huge organization, puts overwhelming accentuation on the auxiliary casing. Other casing components are additionally present, for instance, profession improvement and preparing programs are proof of HR outline use, just as sending of a re-marking exercise and other emblematic customs to give representative casing components. We may likewise make surmisings that the political casing is additionally in play from motivation setting, equivocalness and vulnerability brought about by the legitimization and rearrangement prompting shortage of assets and interior clash, and consenting to of an aggregate arrangement to indicate haggling and exchange. We have decided to concentrate our point by point investigation on the more conspicuous auxiliary casing. 4.0     Structural Frame Analysis Bolman and Deal list six suspicions behind the Structural Frame. 1) Organizations exist to accomplish set up objectives and goals. 2) Organizations work best when sanity beats individual inclinations and outside weights. 3) Structures must be intended to fit hierarchical conditions.

Michael Xiang Double UROP Extraordinaire!

Michael Xiang Double UROP Extraordinaire! Speaking from experience, having a UROP is a big time and emotional investment. On average, UROPers spend eight hours in the lab per week and a lot of free time thinking about possible experiments and troubleshooting. You can imagine how awesome Michael Xiang, a junior in Biology with minors in Chemistry and Biomedical Engineering, must be for having not one, but two UROPs! Since February 2005, he has been simultaneously working on biology-related projects at the Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research and a lab in the Health Sciences Technology (HST) program. Xiang has an incredible amount of passion for research and loves that at MIT theres so much going on that youre bound to find something that will get your blood flowing, your mind thinking, or your heart racing. At the Whitehead Institute, Mike works under the auspices of Prof. Harvey Lodish and senior investigator Christopher Hug on a project studying the expression cloning of the adiponectin receptor. Identified in the Lodish lab a few years ago, adiponectin (see the ribbon representation on the right) is a hormone excreted by fat cells, also known as adipocytes. It acts on muscle and the liver to promote the metabolism of fatty acids and glucose, as well as aids in the synthesis of glycogen (a large branched molecule that stores glucose in cells). Since adiponectin is used to metabolize, or break down, fats and sugar, you would expect it to be in high levels in obese or diabetic people. However, the opposite has been found its actually found at decreased levels! The signaling receptor of adiponectin is still unknown, but could be crucial for further understanding the hormone and possibly applying the knowledge gained to preventing diabetes and obesity. To find the receptor, Mike and his colleagues are using a technique called expression cloning. Mike explains, Basically, we take the mRNA from mouse tissue, make DNA from it (called cDNA), and then deliver the DNA to cells that cannot bind adiponectin. Some cells will get DNA enabling them to bind adiponectin. By identifying and isolating those special cells, you can figure out the DNA coding for the receptor. Voila! His UROP in HST is in the field of bioinformatics. He uses MATLAB to analyze data, form and test hypotheses, and write code to the previous things. Thus, he has a lot of flexibility in his hours since all he needs is his laptop, instead of a giant bench top with lots of fancy, expensive equipment. Mike helped to build a database called the massome where you can search for protein interactions based on the mass of the interactors. This database will help study how mass relates to protein interactions and protein functionality. He also worked on software to identify the most significant biological functions that are represented in a sample of proteins. Mike found out about these UROP opportunities in two very different ways. He got the Whitehead UROP by emailing professors, but warns that this method does not always yield the best results. If you really want to work in a specific lab, its in your best interest to speak to the professor directly. For example, he got his HST UROP by taking a class in IAP 2005 called Bioinformatics proteomics: an engineering-based problem-solving approach. After the conclusion of the class, he talked to one of the lectures and nailed a job. He says, at MIT, its good to always be on the lookout for opportunities, because they could present themselves at any time and there are so many. As a self-professed workaholic, Mike loves learning about new areas of knowledge and new lab techniques, while finding the potential of making a new discovery to be very adrenaline-inducing. Though the day-to-day pace can be pretty slow, he says that he really cherishes the moments when dramatic results come in or are on their way. The anticipation can be addictive! He also really enjoys the atmosphere and camaraderie of the Lodish lab, they even went together on a day trip to climb Mt. Moosilauke of the White Mountains in NH (picture below, Mikes wearing the ZBT sweatshirt). One of my best friends from high school spent the summer maintaining the trails there, so I can imagine that a trip there would be quite the treat! In his free time (yes he has free time, who would have thought,) he keeps sane by participating in the Concert Choir, serving as Philantropy Chair and Treasurer in his fraternity Zeta Beta Tau, tutoring, and participating in the Biology Undergraduate Student Association (BUSA) and the Biomedical Engineering Society (BMES.) Take Mikes advice by working hard and playing hard, and remember, if you dont like being here or you find youre unhappy, somethings wrong he obviously knows what hes talking about. (Picture of adiponectin from: this site)

The Differences Between Islam And Christianity - 1178 Words

Islam and Christianity, the two main religions in the Middle East have an overwhelming amount of followers which garners a lot of media attention as well. With all of this media attention focused around these two giants, conflict arises and causes many individuals to perish because of it. While that conflict is happening, many smaller religions who live in these regions garner very little attention and continue with their daily lives. Religions such as the Yazidis, Zoroastrians, Druze, and the Samaritans have been there for millennia and still very little is known about them. Things such as their religious followings, religious celebrations, and common practice are still widely unknown. Some of these religions only have tens of thousands of followers left, but continue to be practiced in these remote regions and passed on for generation. These religions have stood the test of time and continued practice while everyone thought these people would end up going extinct. In â€Å"Heirs t o Forgotten Kingdoms†, Mr. Russell argues that the survival of these small religious groups such as the Yazidis, Druze and Samaritans is due to religious coexistence with Islam and Christian culture that links these people of the Middle East link Europe and the rest of the world through their shared pasts. To start, Mr. Russell supports his claim by introducing the reader to the Mandaean people who are inhabiting the marshes in southern Iraq and are relatively undisturbed as a society. They use boatsShow MoreRelatedDifferences Between Christianity And Islam Essay1484 Words   |  6 PagesIn this paper, the author analyzes the similarities and differences between Christianity and Islam and how to apply this learning to optimize the health outcomes of patients whose belief systems differ from that of the health care provider. The worldviews of both religions are researched, generating a comparison of their different belief systems. It is confirmed that critical components of religion such as prayer, scripture reading, connection to spirituality and meditation can be used as religiousRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Christianity944 Words   |  4 Pages# 01 Religion 101 Islam and Christianity are wide spread religions in the world. Contrast based on five pillars of Islam and Christianity rituals. In this paper I will explain their differences and similarities based on Prothero and Paden, using paradigms â€Å"rituals†. The concept of rituals are more important in understanding religion. Prothero admits that Christianity is the great religion in the world this is not mean that Islam is not popular religion in fact he compare Islam with fast growing religionRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Christianity871 Words   |  4 Pages1. The question of Origin. i. Of the many ways in which Islam and Christianity differ, answering the question of origin remains primarily the same as it does amongst all three of the monotheistic religions (Islam, Christianity and Judaism) wherein a single infinite God created the heavens and earth. ii. Though there is considerable contrast between how Islam and Christianity present the creation story both the Bible and the Qur’an textually agree all was created in six days (Qur’an 10:3; GenesisRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam1152 Words   |  5 PagesCommonalities, Differences, and Consequences Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are among the best known and most widely practiced religions today, and have had enormous cultural, ideological, and historical impact on the peoples of every continent. Arguably more so than any other ideological systems, Abrahamic religion has been among the most influential forces in human history. The shared elements of their traditions have allowed them to develop in part through a multi-faceted dialogue with eachRead MoreDifferences Between Islam And Christianity941 Words   |  4 PagesTwo religions may share some common terminology and theology. Islam and Christianity are both different in their own way. Islam represents an oriented religion with Christianity faith is based on the shed of blood of Christ. Religious traditions also embrace the idea of human dignity in the biblical idea of the creation of all human beings in the image of God. Mohammed founded Islam in 610 A.D, were people worshipping multiple God’s. During, a time of pol ytheism Mohammed had a vision; being perceivedRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam1838 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity and Islam are the two religions with great similarities of concepts while minute differences within both religions. 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Although the basic idea of marriage is shared, many religionsRead MoreThe Differences Between Christianity And Islam Essay1937 Words   |  8 Pagesinterested in knowing more about the Christianity and Islam religion-the largest religions in the word, both having similarities and differences between them. In this letter I will be presenting their key beliefs and practices, and also I will be explaining the significance of salvation for these two religions. Islam religion was established by Muhammad in the seventh century, and its believers are called Muslims . They follow the Islam practices - the Five Pillars of Islam, and the Quran - the word of GodRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam2108 Words   |  9 PagesBeing religious carries many aspects within a being that are expressed through internal and external practices reflecting teachings and beliefs of a religion. Both Catholicism and Islam have a large number of people of the faith and thus both religious practices are witnessed almost everywhere expressing their morals and values. These especially include the formal rituals carried out on sacred times for each religion, the presence of places of worship; Churches and Mosques and actions of such religiousRead MoreDifferences Between Christianity And Islam1444 Words   |  6 Pages Although our world is filled with diverse religious backgrounds, â€Å"humanity forms but one community† (â€Å"Nostra Aetate†). There is an indisputable bond between humans, regardless of the beliefs they hold. Christianity and Islam are two religious traditions dominating the world, accounting for over 55% of the population (â€Å"Common Word†). While they greatly differ, the two have undeniable similarities that offer a common ground for the two traditions to unite. It is necessary for these two traditions

The Rhetoric Templates for Argumentative Writing - 600 Words

The Rhetoric Templates for Argumentative Writing In the Introduction to They Say / I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, Gerald Graff and Cathy Birkenstein provide templates, that were created from fundamental writing moves, that writers usually pick up along the way without realizing it. Those moves are so common that the authors turned them into templates in their book. The authors consider the main template â€Å"They Say / I Say† to be the foundation for all successful dialogue. Specifically, Graff and Birkenstein argue that the types of writing templates they offer help less experienced writers, as well as accomplished writers guidance and direction, to structure and generate their own writing. As the authors themselves put†¦show more content†¦Thus, the best academic writing is deeply involved with other people’s viewpoints. Although some people believe that the templates may take away their freedom to express themselves as well as their originality and creativity, Graff and Birkenstein insist that the templates in their book aid the writer, to become more creative and original, not lessen, hinder or take away from the writing. In sum, then, their view is that to be a great writer you should be able to make logical, well supported and consistent statements, they should not just consist of smart and true expressions, which are completely void at their core. There needs to be an argument, a conversation in our writing, the reason we write is because of our need to challenge, agree, disagree etc. I agree. In my view, the types of templates that the authors recommend are a great guide for all writers alike. For instance, accomplished writers are able to show that they respectfully disagree with the other party and argue their point of view, thus helping the reader think critically about their own believes. Less experienced writers are able to use the templates as a guide to learn structuring their writing. In addition, it gives the writer a frame to work with, making the writing process much simpler. Some might object, of course, on the ground that it might be considered plagiarism. Yet I wouldShow MoreRelatedThe World Of Osama Bin Laden2435 Words   |  10 Pagesbiggest reliefs. I never thought that this day will come. I chose Osama Bin’s speech to the nation about Osama Bin Laden being dead. In this paper, I am going to research and critically examine and evaluate by using the five classical â€Å"canons† of rhetoric. I will explain into detail Obama’s speech dealing with the invention, organization, style, delivery, and memory. May 1, 2011 Barack Obama presented a speech to the American nation and the world that Osama Bin Laden was dead. Obama did this speechRead MoreEssay Writing7014 Words   |  29 PagesImportant things to look out for in narrative essay writing I am assuming that the student is able to construct basic sentence and grammar structure (past amp; present tense etc.). If the student is unable to do so, he/she is in no condition to attempt essay writing. Please sign the student for basic language/ grammar classes instead. There is a limit to how much advice I can offer via text. So I will just offer two key points. 1. ESSAY FLOW 2. CHARACTERS’ EMOTIONS / FEELINGS * 1. EssayRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesreading, discussing, writing). 3. There is less emphasis placed on information transmission and greater emphasis placed on developing student skills. 4. There is greater emphasis placed on the exploration of attitudes and values. 5. Student motivation is increased, especially in adult learners. xviii PREFACE 6. Students receive immediate feedback from their instructor and peers. 7. Students are involved in higher order thinking (analysis, synthesis, evaluation). Our goals in writing this book were

Second Foundation 14. Anxiety Free Essays

Poli placed the breakfast on the table, keeping one eye on the table news-recorder which quietly disgorged the bulletins of the day. It could be done easily enough without loss of efficiency, this one-eye-absent business. Since all items of food were sterilely packed in containers which served as discardable cooking units, her duties vis-a-vis breakfast consisted of nothing more than choosing the menu, placing the items on the table, and removing the residue thereafter. We will write a custom essay sample on Second Foundation 14. Anxiety or any similar topic only for you Order Now She clacked her tongue at what she saw and moaned softly in retrospect. â€Å"Oh, people are so wicked,† she said, and Darell merely hemmed in reply. Her voice took on the high-pitched rasp which she automatically assumed when about to bewail the evil of the world. â€Å"Now why do these terrible Kalganese† – she accented the second syIlable and gave it a long â€Å"a† – â€Å"do like that? You’d think they’d give a body peace. But no, it’s just trouble, trouble, all the time. â€Å"Now look at that headline: ‘Mobs Riot Before Foundation Consulate.’ Oh, would I like to give them a piece of my mind, if I could. That’s the trouble with people; they just don’t remember. They just don’t remember, Dr. Darell – got no memory at all. Look at the last war after the Mule died – of course I was just a little girl then – and oh, the fuss and trouble. My own uncle was killed, him being just in his twenties and only two years married, with a baby girl. I remember him even yet – blond hair he had, and a dimple in his chin. I have a trimensional cube of him somewheres- â€Å"And now his baby girl has a son of her own in the navy and most like if anything happens- â€Å"And we had the bombardment patrols, and all the old men taking turns in the stratospheric defense – I could imagine what they would have been able to do if the Kalganese had come that far. My mother used to tell us children about the food rationing and the prices and taxes. A body could hardly make ends meet- â€Å"You’d think if they had sense people would just never want to start it again; just have nothing to do with it. And I suppose it’s not people that do it, either; I suppose even Kalganese would rather sit at home with their families and not go fooling around in ships and getting killed. It’s that awful man, Stettin. It’s a wonder people like that are let live. He kills the old man – what’s his name – Thallos, and now he’s just spoiling to be boss of everything. â€Å"And why he wants to fight us, I don’t know. He’s bound to lose – like they always do. Maybe it’s all in the Plan, but sometimes I’m sure it must be a wicked plan to have so much fighting and killing in it, though to be sure I haven’t a word to say about Hari Seldon, who I’m sure knows much more about that than I do and perhaps I’m a fool to question him. And the other Foundation is as much to blame. They could stop Kalgan now and make everything fine. They’ll do it anyway in the end, and you’d think they’d do it before there’s any damage done.† Dr. Darell looked up. â€Å"Did you say something, Poli?† Poli’s eyes opened wide, then narrowed angrily. â€Å"Nothing, doctor, nothing at all. I haven’t got a word to say. A body could as soon choke to death as say a word in this house. It’s jump here, and jump there, but just try to say a word-† and she went off simmering. Her leaving made as little impression on Darell as did her speaking. Kalgan! Nonsense! A merely physical enemy! Those had always been beaten! Yet he could not divorce himself of the current foolish crisis. Seven days earlier, the mayor had asked him to be Administrator of Research and Development. He had promised an answer today. Well- He stirred uneasily. Why, himself! Yet could he refuse? It would seem strange, and he dared not seem strange. After all, what did he care about Kalgan. To him there was only one enemy. Always had been. While his wife had lived, he was only too glad to shirk the task; to hide. Those long, quiet days on Trantor, with the ruins of the past about them! The silence of a wrecked world and the forgetfulness of it all! But she had died. Less than five years, all told, it had been; and after that he knew that he could live only by fighting that vague and fearful enemy that deprived him of the dignity of manhood by controlling his destiny; that made life a miserable struggle against a foreordained end; that made all the universe a hateful and deadly chess game. Call it sublimation; he, himself did can it that – but the fight gave meaning to his life. First to the University of Santanni, where he had joined Dr. Kleise. It had been five years well-spent. And yet Kleise was merely a gatherer of data. He could not succeed in the real task – and when Darell had felt that as certainty, he knew it was time to leave. Kleise may have worked in secret, yet he had to have men working for him and with him. He had subjects whose brains he probed. He had a University that backed him. All these were weaknesses. Kleise could not understand that; and he, Darell, could not explain that. They parted enemies. It was well; they had to. He had to leave in surrender – in case someone watched. Where Kleise worked with charts; Darell worked with mathematical concepts in the recesses of his mind. Kleise worked with many; Darell with none. Kleise in a University; Darell in the quiet of a suburban house. And he was almost there. A Second Foundationer is not human as far as his cerebrum is concerned. The cleverest physiologist, the most subtle neurochemist might detect nothing – yet the difference must be there. And since the difference was one of the mind, it was there that it must be detectable. Given a man like the Mule – and there was no doubt that the Second Foundationers had the Mule’s powers, whether inborn or acquired – with the power of detecting and controlling human emotions, deduce from that the electronic circuit required, and deduce from that the last details of the encephalograph on which it could not help but be betrayed. And now Kleise had returned into his life, in the person of his ardent young pupil, Anthor. Folly! Folly! With his graphs and charts of people who had been tampered with. He had learned to detect that years ago, but of what use was it. He wanted the arm; not the tool. Yet he had to agree to join Anthor, since it was the quieter course. Just as now he would become Administrator of Research and Development. It was the quieter course! And so he remained a conspiracy within a conspiracy. The thought of Arcadia teased him for a moment, and he shuddered away from it. Left to himself, it would never have happened. Left to himself, no one would ever have been endangered but himself. Left to himself- He felt the anger rising-against the dead Kleise, the living Anthor, all the well-meaning fools- Well, she could take care of herself. She was a very mature little girl. She could take care of herself! It was a whisper in his mind- Yet could she? *** At the moment, that Dr. Darell told himself mournfully that she could, she was sitting in the coldly austere anteroom of the Executive Offices of the First Citizen of the Galaxy. For half an hour she had been sitting there, her eyes sliding slowly about the walls. There had been two armed guards at the door when she had entered with Homir Munn. They hadn’t been there the other times. She was alone, now, yet she sensed the unfriendliness of the very furnishings of the room. And for the first time. Now, why should that be? Homir was with Lord Stettin. Well, was that wrong? It made her furious. In similar situations in the book-films and the videos, the hero foresaw the conclusion, was prepared for it when it came, and she – she just sat there. Anything could happen. Anything! And she just sat there. Well, back again. Think it back. Maybe something would come. For two weeks, Homir had nearly lived inside the Mule’s palace. He had taken her once, with Stettin’s permission. It was large and gloomily massive, shrinking from the touch of life to lie sleeping within its ringing memories, answering the footsteps with a hollow boom or a savage clatter. She hadn’t liked it. Better the great, gay highways of the capital city; the theaters and spectacles of a world essentially poorer than the Foundation, yet spending more of its wealth on display. Homir would return in the evening, awed- â€Å"It’s a dream-world for me,† he would whisper. â€Å"If I could only chip the palace down stone by stone, layer by layer of the aluminum sponge. If I could carry it back to Terminus- What a museum it would make.† He seemed to have lost that early reluctance. He was eager, instead; glowing. Arcadia knew that by the one sure sign; he practically never stuttered throughout that period. One time, he said, â€Å"There are abstracts of the records of General Pritcher-â€Å" â€Å"I know him. He was the Foundation renegade, who combed the Galaxy for the Second Foundation, wasn’t he?† â€Å"Not exactly a renegade, Arkady. The Mule had Converted him.† â€Å"Oh, it’s the same thing.† â€Å"Galaxy, that combing you speak of was a hopeless task. The original records of the Seldon Convention that established both Foundations five hundred years ago, make only one reference to the Second Foundation. They say if’s located ‘at the other end of the Galaxy at Star’s End.’ That’s all the Mule and Pritcher had to go on. They had no method of recognizing the Second Foundation even if they found it. What madness! â€Å"They have records† – he was speaking to himself, but Arcadia listened eagerly – â€Å"which must cover nearly a thousand worlds, yet the number of worlds available for study must have been closer to a million. And we are no better off-â€Å" Arcadia broke in anxiously, â€Å"Shhh-h† in a tight hiss. Homir froze, and slowly recovered. â€Å"Let’s not talk,† he mumbled. And now Homir was with Lord Stettin and Arcadia waited outside alone and felt the blood squeezing out of her heart for no reason at all. That was more frightening than anything else. That there seemed no reason. On the other side of the door, Homir, too, was living in a sea of gelatin. He was fighting, with furious intensity, to keep from stuttering and, of course, could scarcely speak two consecutive words clearly as a result. Lord Stettin was in full uniform, six-feet-six, large-jawed, and hard-mouthed. His balled, arrogant fists kept a powerful time to his sentences. â€Å"Well, you have had two weeks, and you come to me with tales of nothing. Come, sir, tell me the worst. Is my Navy to be cut to ribbons? Am I to fight the ghosts of the Second Foundation as well as the men of the First?† â€Å"I†¦ I repeat, my lord, I am no p†¦ pre†¦ predictor. I†¦ I am at a complete†¦ loss.† â€Å"Or do you wish to go back to warn your countrymen? To deep Space with your play-acting. I want the truth or I’ll have it out of you along with half your guts.† â€Å"I’m t†¦ telling only the truth, and I’ll have you re†¦ remember, my l†¦ lord, that I am a citizen of the Foundation. Y†¦ you cannot touch me without harvesting m†¦ m†¦ more than you count on.† The Lord of Kalgan laughed uproariously. â€Å"A threat to frighten children. A horror with which to beat back an idiot. Come, Mr. Munn, I have been patient with you. I have listened to you for twenty minutes while you detailed wearisome nonsense to me which must have cost you sleepless nights to compose. It was wasted effort. I know you are here not merely to rake through the Mule’s dead ashes and to warm over the cinders you find. ***You came here for more than you have admitted. Is that not true?† Homir Munn could no more have quenched the burning horror that grew in his eyes than, at that moment, he could have breathed. Lord Stettin saw that, and clapped the Foundation man upon his shoulder so that he and the chair he sat on reeled under the impact. â€Å"Good. Now let us be frank. You are investigating the Seldon Plan. You know that it no longer holds. You know, perhaps, that I am the inevitable winner now; I and my heirs. Well, man, what matters it who established the Second Empire, so long as it is established. History plays no favorites, eh? Are you afraid to tell me? You see that I know your mission.† Munn said thickly, â€Å"What is it y†¦ you w†¦ want?† â€Å"Your presence. I would not wish the Plan spoiled through overconfidence. You understand more of these things than I do; you can detect small flaws that I might miss. Come, you will be rewarded in the end; you will have your fair glut of the loot. What can you expect at the Foundation? To turn the tide of a perhaps inevitable defeat? To lengthen the war? Or is it merely a patriotic desire to die for your country?† â€Å"I†¦ I-† He finally spluttered into silence. Not a word would come. â€Å"You will stay,† said the Lord of Kalgan, confidently. â€Å"You have no choice. Wait† – an almost forgotten afterthought – â€Å"I have information to the effect that your niece is of the family of Bayta Darell.† Homir uttered a startled: â€Å"Yes.† He could not trust himself at this point to be capable of weaving anything but cold truth. â€Å"It is a family of note on the Foundation?† Homir nodded, â€Å"To whom they would certainly b†¦ brook no harm.† â€Å"Harm! Don’t be a fool, man; I am meditating the reverse. How old is she?† â€Å"Fourteen.† â€Å"So! Well, not even the Second Foundation, or Hari Seldon, himself, could stop time from passing or girls from becoming women.† With that, he turned on his heel and strode to a draped door which he threw open violently. He thundered, â€Å"What in Space have you dragged your shivering carcass here for?† The Lady Callia blinked at him, and said in a small voice, â€Å"I didn’t know anyone was with you.† â€Å"Well, there is. I’ll speak to you later of this, but now I want to see your back, and quickly.† Her footsteps were a fading scurry in the corridor. Stettin returned, â€Å"She is a remnant of an interlude that has lasted too long. It will end soon. Fourteen, you say?† Homir stared at him with a brand-new horror! Arcadia started at the noiseless opening of a door – jumping at the jangling sliver of movement it made in the comer of her eye. The finger that crooked frantically at her met no response for long moments, and then, as if in response to the cautions enforced by the very sight of that white, trembling figure, she tiptoed her way across the floor. Their footsteps were a taut whisper in the corridor. It was the Lady Callia, of course, who held her hand so tightly that it hurt, and for some reason, she did not mind following her. Of the Lady Callia, at least, she was not afraid. Now, why was that? They were in a boudoir now, all pink fluff and spun sugar. Lady Callia stood with her back against the door. She said, â€Å"This was our private way to me†¦ to my room, you know, from his office. His, you know.† And she pointed with a thumb, as though even the thought of him were grinding her soul to death with fear. â€Å"It’s so lucky†¦ it’s so lucky-† Her pupils had blackened out the blue with their size. â€Å"Can you tell me-† began Arcadia timidly. And Callia was in frantic motion. â€Å"No, child, no. There is no time. Take off your clothes. Please. Please. I’ll get you more, and they won’t recognize you.† She was in the closet, throwing useless bits of flummery in reckless heaps upon the ground, looking madly for something a girl could wear without becoming a living invitation to dalliance. â€Å"Here, this will do. It will have to. Do you have money? Here, take it all – and this.† She was stripping her ears and fingers. â€Å"Just go home – go home to your Foundation.† â€Å"But Homir†¦ my uncle.† She protested vainly through the muffling folds of the sweet-smelling and luxurious spun-metal being forced over her head. â€Å"He won’t leave. Poochie will hold him forever, but you mustn’t stay. Oh, dear, don’t you understand?† â€Å"No.† Arcadia forced a standstill, â€Å"I don’t understand.† Lady Callia squeezed her hands tightly together. â€Å"You must go back to warn your people there will be war. Isn’t that clear?† Absolute terror seemed paradoxically to have lent a lucidity to her thoughts and words that was entirely out of character. â€Å"Now come!† Out another way! Past officials who stared after them, but saw no reason to stop one whom only the Lord of Kalgan could stop with impunity. Guards clicked heels and presented arms when they went through doors. Arcadia breathed only on occasion through the years the trip seemed to take – yet from the first crooking of the white finger to the time she stood at the outer gate, with people and noise and traffic in the distance was only twenty-five minutes. She looked back, with a sudden frightened pity. â€Å"I†¦ I†¦ don’t know why you’re doing this, my lady, but thanks- What’s going to happen to Uncle Homir?† â€Å"I don’t know,† wailed the other. â€Å"Can’t you leave? Go straight to the spaceport. Don’t wait. He may be looking for you this very minute.† And still Arcadia lingered. She would be leaving Homir; and, belatedly, now that she felt the free air about her, she was suspicious. â€Å"But what do you care if he does?† Lady Callia bit her lower lip and muttered, â€Å"I can’t explain to a little girl like you. It would be improper. Well, you’ll be growing up and I†¦ I met Poochie when I was sixteen. I can’t have you about, you know.† There was a half-ashamed hostility in her eyes. The implications froze Arcadia. She whispered: â€Å"What will he do to you when he finds out?† And she whimpered back: â€Å"I don’t know,† and threw her arm to her head as she left at a half-run, back along the wide way to the mansion of the Lord of Kalgan. But for one eternal second, Arcadia still did not move, for in that last moment before Lady Callia left, Arcadia had seen something. Those frightened, frantic eyes had momentarily – flashingly – lit up with a cold amusement. A vast, inhuman amusement. It was much to see in such a quick flicker of a pair of eyes, but Arcadia had no doubt of what she saw. She was running now – running wildly – searching madly for an unoccupied public booth at which one could press a button for public conveyance. She was not running from Lord Stettin; not from him or from all the human hounds he could place at her heels – not from all his twenty-seven worlds rolled into a single gigantic phenomenon, hallooing at her shadow. She was running from a single, frail woman who had helped her escape. From a creature who had loaded her with money and jewels; who had risked her own life to save her. From an entity she knew, certainly and finally, to be a woman of the Second Foundation. An air-taxi came to a soft clicking halt in the cradle. The wind of its coming brushed against Arcadia’s face and stirred at the hair beneath the softly-furred hood Callia had given her. â€Å"Where’ll it be, lady?† She fought desperately to low-pitch her voice to make it not that of a child. â€Å"How many spaceports in the city?† â€Å"Two. Which one ya want?† â€Å"Which is closer?† He stared at her: â€Å"Kalgan Central, lady.† â€Å"The other one, please. I’ve got the money.† She had a twenty-Kalganid note in her hand. The denomination of the note made little difference to her, but the taxi-man grinned appreciatively. â€Å"Anything ya say, lady. Sky-line cabs take ya anywhere.† She cooled her cheek against the slightly musty upholstery. The lights of the city moved leisurely below her. What should she do? What should she do? It was in that moment that she knew she was a stupid, stupid little girl, away from her father, and frightened. Her eyes were full of tears, and deep down in her throat, there was a small, soundless cry that hurt her insides. She wasn’t afraid that Lord Stettin would catch her. Lady Callia would see to that. Lady Callia! Old, fat, stupid, but she held on to her lord, somehow. Oh, it was clear enough, now. Everything was clear. That tea with Callia at which she had been so smart. Clever little Arcadia! Something inside Arcadia choked and hated itself. That tea had been maneuvered, and then Stettin had probably been maneuvered so that Homir was allowed to inspect the Palace after all. She, the foolish Callia, has wanted it so, and arranged to have smart little Arcadia supply a foolproof excuse, one which would arouse no suspicions in the minds of the victims, and yet involve a minimum of interference on her part. Then why was she free? Homir was a prisoner, of course- Unless- Unless she went back to the Foundation as a decoy – a decoy to lead others into the hands of†¦ of them. So she couldn’t return to the Foundation- â€Å"Spaceport, lady.† The air-taxi had come to a halt. Strange! She hadn’t even noticed. What a dream-world it was. â€Å"Thanks,† she pushed the bill at him without seeing anything and was stumbling out the door, then running across the springy pavement. Lights. Unconcerned men and women. Large gleaming bulletin boards, with the moving figures that followed every single spaceship that arrived and departed. Where was she going? She didn’t care. She only knew that she wasn’t going to the Foundation! Anywhere else at all would suit. Oh, thank Seldon, for that forgetful moment – that last split-second when Callia wearied of her act because she had to do only with a child and had let her amusement spring through. And then something else occurred to Arcadia, something that had been stirring and moving at the base of her brain ever since the flight began – something that forever killed the fourteen in her. And she knew that she must escape. That above all. Though they located every conspirator on the Foundation; though they caught her own father; she could not dared not, risk a warning. She could not risk her own life – not in the slightest – for the entire realm of Terminus. She was the most important person in the Galaxy. She was the only important person in the Galaxy. She knew that even as she stood before the ticket-machine and wondered where to go. Because in all the Galaxy, she and she alone, except for they, themselves, knew the location of the Second Foundation. How to cite Second Foundation 14. Anxiety, Essay examples

The Alternate Universe of Second Life free essay sample

When is the last time you used your head and not a calculator to do math? When is the last time you walked to the corner store, instead of driving the two blocks up the street? I mean some people would be lost if they didn’t have their cell phones. Is the world coming to rely on technology for everything, even happiness? Are people using technology as an escape from the real world? Isn’t that why people take vacations? People don’t read books during their leisure time anymore because that would be boring and not to mention time consuming. We live in a fast paced world and if you don’t keep up you’ll be left behind with the AM/FM hand radios. That is why we have our expensive computers, I Pod’s, flat screen televisions, and fast cars to take us anywhere our minds desire. We will write a custom essay sample on The Alternate Universe of Second Life or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jessica Bennet and Malcolm Beith wrote an interesting essay called â€Å"Alternate Universe†. The essay is about a 3-D virtual world called Second Life. You can do anything you want in this world, even fly. You could be a doctor, a dancer, a designer, what ever makes you happy. You can even find true love on Second Life by dating other avatars, which are what your characters are called. The possibilities are endless with what you can do in this virtual world. You’re sitting on cloud nine and all you need is your computer. All you have to do to be part of what some would call their dream is sign up, create a character to your liking and start living your second life online with millions of other people around the world. This is not just a game to pass time for some people. People are taking this game very seriously, they’d bet their lives on it. The authors give an example saying that one person actually said, â€Å"I’d rather panhandle on the street than leave Second Life. † (Bennet and Beith 15). This person would rather beg on the street than ever leave Second Life. How dependent have we become to the satisfying elements of technology? There are eight millions users on Second Life, all of them living what they wished their real life really was, online. Bennet and Beith tell us that by â€Å"2011 four of every five people who use the internet will actively participate in Second Life, or some similar medium,† so that mean that â€Å"1. billion out of 2 billion internet users will have found new lives online†. These users are spending between eighteen to thirty hours a week playing, or living, Second Life. They tell us that users typically spend their time running their business, partying, and meeting new people. If you can actually make real money in Second Life, who needs a real job anyway? Benn et and Beith give us examples of how two people make their money on Second Life. â€Å"Anshe Chung is a virtual land baroness with a real life fortune. (Bennet and Beith 3). They tell us how Chung has a business called Anshe Chung Studios run by her avatar called Ailin Graef. Her company builds homes and then sells or rents it to other avatar for a pretty penny. She even has sixty people on her staff that works for her. She was Second Life’s first millionaire. The other example is of a real life Pathmark department manager doubling his daily salary by opening up a clothing store where he designs clothes for other avatar to buy with real money. The authors make it seem like you haven’t had a real job till you’ve had a Second Life job, it’s that easy. No set hours, or boss to answer to just â€Å"click and drag†. Imagine waking up in the morning, still in your pajamas, you sit in front of the computer for say two to three hours, check how much money you’ve made off your Second Life, maybe design a new virtual wedding gown, or a build a four story mansion and then put it in the virtual market, go back to sleep and then do it all over again in a few hours. The authors make it seem as though this is the perfect alternate life. You can make friends, and make all the money you need without ever leaving your house, but they fail to mention the things that you will be losing by living this life- social skills and life outside your house. They are promoting this virtual world with a big red banner that says â€Å"Pick me! † They tell you how one woman became a millionaire, and they put the idea in your head, â€Å"well maybe I could do that too, that sounds awesome†, but they very briefly mention how much money she had to invest to make that million. People are so easily swayed, especially with the way the economy is, they will try anything to make money. People hear money and dollar signs light up in their eyes. If that’s what they authors were trying to do they were definitely successful. The authors also tell us that some companies are also using Second Life as part of their work environment. â€Å"Some are holding staff meetings where avatars representing employees can discuss ideas via instant message, email, or Skype, in a souped-up virtual office. † ( Bennet and Beith 17). Some companies are using it connect to customers. Like IBM, Sears, Circuit City, and Nissan all connect to customers through Second Life. Nissan even lets you â€Å"test-drive† a car on a â€Å"virtual track† so you never have to leave your house. What has happened to face-to-face interaction with employees and customers? It’s not that they can’t do it or don’t have the time, it is just easier to use the computer. This way we can be participating in our business meeting and making dinner. Why do the authors make it seem like that is such a good thing? How could it be in any way better test driving a car online than actually doing it in real life? I think that the authors go a little overboard in trying to convince their audience that Second Life is great. I can’t see that many people agreeing with it being better to test drive a car online than in real life. Are we so bored with our lives that we feel we need to buy virtual things (i. e. clothes, cars, houses) for a fictional character that is supposed to represent you. I don’t have the money to buy a real car and people are buying virtual cars for their avatars. Although the money ratio is not the same, it is still money spent on something that you will never be able to touch, or hold. Money that could have been spend filling up your gas tank, or on groceries. One US dollar is worth 270 Linden dollars. The authors tells us that â€Å"on a typical day customers spend $1 million buying virtual clothes, cars, houses, and other goods for their avatars,† and that â€Å"by the end of the year users will have spend about 125 billion Linden dollars in Second Life (about $460 million). † I really don’t think that my money would be well spent if I bought a virtual island for $1,395 as the authors tell us that one person did on eBay. The authors write so freely about money. They talk about money like everyone has so much of it to just waste on this fake life. Who has one million dollars lying around? They do make it a point to say that one US dollar is worth 270 in fake money (Linden dollars). Yes, that is a big inflation from one dollar to 270 but its not real money, so why not one dollar per every 1000 Linden dollars? In the end it is all fake things that you are buying with this fake money that you are using REAL money to purchase, which the authors do not make it a point to mention. If I can’t feel my feet in the sand, swim in the ocean or drink a real martini on it, I am not buying it. It crazy to think this virtual world, filled with virtual things, is making us happier people. I wonder what less fortunate people who don’t have a computer do? I think some are just happy to be alive and well. So a computer costs about say $1000, or more if you want a really nice one. Maybe get a portable one for a little bit more and then you we can carry our second life with us. Our whole life is beginning to revolve around this little box that spits out information. People are starting to rely more and more on it for their connection to the world. I mean why work, date, or socialize with friends when you got your computer in a little carrying case that contains your Second Life. I think that the authors do a good job in advertising all the iced up things that Second Life has to offer but they forget to mention what Second Life could do to a world if everyone relied on it. People wouldn’t need a job, or friends, because Second Life provides that all from the comfort of your home. Bennet and Beith do say that â€Å"Some critics are uneasy with the idea of people getting more and more social activities online,† but they say four sentences about it and then move on to the next topic. They don’t make it a point in their essay to mention the negatives things. They do this because they are pro-virtual life so they trivialize what is happening. All their good things outweigh the bad, so they decide to briefly mention it. They make it seem like who needs social skills or a real job when you have all this money? Imagine a world where no one leaves their homes and Second Life becomes their real life?

Sample Papers

Sample Papers Sample Papers Sample Papers: Help for Students Are you becoming crazy about those numerous assignment papers that you are constantly provided with during your study? Sometimes it may seem to you that they are aimed at turning your life into the terrible nightmare. Do not know how to escape from all that? Try not to avoid the problem but solve it! This article will help you in that. If you do not know how to write your assignment papers, do not rack your brains make use of the Internet. You may find a lot of different web-sites there that offer students assignment writing services. You may say that it is too expensive to buy every assignment paper. But these sites may be useful for you even if you are going to write your assignment paper by yourself. In what way? Free Sample Papers The answer concerns sample papers that these sites propose you to get free of charge. You may find a lot of different papers: sample term papers, sample research papers, sample essay papers and many others. But in what way can they help you if you are not going to buy assignment papers? Of course, you should not submit one of these sample papers as yours because you may have problems. As these papers are available for you everyone else may get them (even one of your group-mates or your tutor). Any kind of sample papers is a papers research sample. What does it mean? Any of sample papers may give you a hint about in what direction you should make your research of the topic given in order to write a good paper. Moreover, reading of such papers may give you a lot of other interesting ideas concerning preparing and writing. Sample Paper ElementsTopic. Sometimes your tutor may let you choose a topic for your paper by yourself. But if you have no ideas about it, you may search them in sample papers. You may find a topic that you may get interested in and that is the half of the success of your paper. Thesis statement. When reading sample papers you may find out how to formulate a thesis sta tement in order to make it clear and understandable. Structure. You may study the structure of papers of a certain kind: what parts they should include, how you should divide them into paragraphs. That will help you make your paper well-structured. Vocabulary. You may study what special words and phrases are used in the academic writing. The usage of such vocabulary will help you put your thoughts logically and clearly. One should stress that this is one of the main criteria of writing a good assignment paper. Thus, it becomes obvious that sample papers may be very helpful for you even if you are going to write your assignment paper by yourself.

How to write a tender - Emphasis

How to write a tender How to write a tender The key to writing a good tender is to be specific and detail how your capabilities match the clients exact requirements. You don’t have to be arrogant to sell your firm. Never kick off the tender by saying how great you are. Instead, show that you’ve listened to the client’s needs and found them the right solution. The way to do this is to identify and concentrate on the ‘win themes’ – the issues the client is most concerned with. Hopefully, you will have had an opportunity to ask them about these. But invitations to tender usually give you clues about what they are and often state them directly (‘tenderers must have †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢). Win themes could include things like: completing the job within a tight time schedule attracting quality subcontractors project-management skills guarantees to stay on schedule health and safety procedures. To some extent, most tenders should cover all these issues – among others. But make sure you focus more on the ones your client is particularly interested in. And then show how your firm can meet their needs. One way of doing this with more complex tenders is to draw up a compliance matrix to make sure you’ve got a solution for everything the tender asks for. This could give you the edge if you include it in the tender document itself. Some people in the construction industry argue that tenders are usually won on price alone. No-one can dispute how important price is, and sometimes it may be the main factor (making it a win theme, of course). But never ignore the fact that whoever is in charge of the tendering process is also very interested in your firm – and what you can deliver over and above your competitors. Focus on these and you may well reduce the client’s sensitivity to price. Unique selling points This doesn’t mean you should slate your competitors in your tender – far from it. But it does mean you should have a clear idea of what your firm’s USPs (unique selling points) are. Some examples might include: quality of finish and ability to deal with snagging quickly getting the job done within a tight timeframe and budget (without jeopardising quality) regular progress reports and updates to client client-satisfaction record and percentage of repeat business. Make it clear why they should choose you. Don’t just make vague and clichà ©d claims such as ‘we deliver high-quality work within tight schedules’ or ‘we have considerable experience in the management of new office fit outs and refurbishments’. You need to substantiate these kinds of claims with supporting evidence. For example, ‘We have delivered 90 per cent of our jobs within budget and 60 per cent or our business comes from existing clients’. Include a breakdown of all the various aspects of the work involved in the project. And don’t leave out things because you’re not sure if the client wants them or because you can’t price them accurately at this stage; it will look as though you’ve overlooked them. If necessary, put them in with a ‘TBC’. Don’t make assumptions. Just because the client or person managing the tender knows you, that doesn’t mean you can leave out vital information about your firm. What if there are some other crucial ‘influencers’ reading your tender who know nothing about you? Finally, always go through your tender face to face if the tender process allows it. That way you can sort out any sticking points. Robert Ashton, Chief Executive, Emphasis, business writing specialists. Want to learn how to win business? Have a look at our tender-writing course for individuals or our in-house tender-writing course for teams.

Comprehensive Discussions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Comprehensive Discussions - Essay Example Every year the US Supreme Court takes up 100 to 150 cases for argument. Four justices must give their consent for hearing the case. The US Supreme Court is primarily an appellate court having jurisdiction over ambassadors as well as two or more states (Understanding Federal and State Courts). The Supreme Court has a chief justice as well as associate justices whose numbers are fixed by the American congress. The present number of associate justices is presently eight. The president of the US has the power to nominate the justices and their appointments are sanctioned according to the advices and consent of the senate. Article III, Â §1, of the Constitution further provides that the Judges of both Supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behavior, and Shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office. Article III, Â §1 of the constitution provides that the legal power of the United states shall be vested in only one supreme court as well as in such inferior courts as the congress may from time to time proclaim and institutes. Article. III, Â §2 states that the legal power shall be extended to all cases under the constitution to the US supreme court. It includes cases affecting ambassadors, public ministers, consuls, cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdictions, cases between two or more states, cases involving state and citizens of another state and of the same state, foreign states etc. In cases involving ambassadors and other public ministers, consuls, states, the US Supreme Court has the ultimate jurisdiction. In other cases the Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction. The appellate jurisdiction has been given to the US Supreme Court by various statutes in the constitution. The basic statute which defines the judicial power is found in 28 U. S. C. Â §1251 et seq. The US c ongress from time to time gives powers to the US supreme court to prescribe

Economics for Business and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Economics for Business and Management - Essay Example According to Anderton (2000), the consumers are the ones who determine what is to be produced hence determine allocation of resources leading to allocative efficiency. The demand for goods and services by consumers triggers the producers to increase production thus engaging more factors of production in the process. The income earned by the factors determines the amount of consumption by individuals; the more the income, the higher the consumption or demand. At the initial stage, competition by consumers for scarce resources pushes the prices up. The law of supply states that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied thus the producers increase production and get more profit. Since there are no barriers to entry in a free market, more producers may enter the market attracted by the abnormal profits (Griffiths & Wall, 2008). In the long run, supply will increase more than demand and the firms will start competing for the few buyers pushing the prices down. A fall in price means the profits also decline leading to reduction in production by firms and exit from the market by others. An optimum allocation of resources occurs where demand by consumers interacts with supply by producers. The resources are used to produce the goods that are most in demand by consumers hence resources are transferred from one use to another which is more profitable. As such, some people are made well off while others are made worse off. For example, if a firm decides to change the technology used in production it will employ individuals who have such skills and those who don’t possess the required skills are declared redundant and lose their wages. The firm can also use new equipments. High prices make some consumers to afford goods while others cant due to amount of income held by individuals. According to the law of demand, the lower the price the higher the quantity demanded. A reduction in production by producers may force prices up as consumers compete for the goods. The high prices in turn lead to cut in consumption. The producers therefore must innovate ways of producing goods at low cost hence low prices for goods and increased demand. This leads to productive efficiency of the economy (Griffiths & Wall, 2008). Competition by firms leads to innovation as firms try to gain competitive advantage. They thus produce high quality goods to the advantage of consumers. Lipsey & Chrystal (2007) argue that the free market gives better information on changing market conditions thus allowing buyers and sellers to make informed decisions. For example, when prices are low it signals that there is high supply in the market and an incentive for buyers to buy more. High prices indicate scarcity of goods and hence an incentive for sellers to sell more and make profit. High prices also induce firms to employ more factors of production. Due to availability of information, decision makers respond quickly to changes in consumer demand (Vidler & Grant, 2003) . The free market system also allows consumers to have a variety of choices from different firms. Q1 (b): How Market Failure Occurs and how Government can Correct Market Failure Market failure is due to inefficient functioning of the markets. A market should be able to resolve the questions of

Analysing Of The Riba Work Stages

Analysing Of The Riba Work Stages On each of the initial work stages of a project the architect is involved in many ways and uses many skills. Before the architect begins any work they must be appointed under the RIBA concise conditions agreement or SW 99. The following is a brief outline of what an architect does in a RIBA standard agreement between architect and client. The first two RIBA work stages come under term Preparation in the RIBA, Outline Plan of Work 2007. The first stage is stage A, Appraisal; this mainly involves establishing the needs of the client. Three main tasks are carried out. Throughout the initial stages of the project constant communication between the architect and client takes place. Firstly, the architect must carry out studies to determine the feasibility of the Clients requirements. The architect may also review the alternative design and construction approaches and the cost implications of each with the client. At this stage the architect may also provide information for reports on the cost implications. During stage B (Design Brief) the initial Statement of Requirements is developed into the Design Brief. Although this is the responsibility of the client the architect often contributes to its development additionally. Stages C, D and E come under the heading Design. This begins with Stage C (Concept), where the architect would usually be required to prepare outline proposals for things, such as, the building structure and building services. The architects also develop concept designs for project. Throughout this stage the architect will be leasing with other members of the team, such as, engineers, quantity surveyors and planning supervisors. This communication helps the architect to provide the client with information on approximate construction costs and cost planning which must then be assessed by the client in the stage report. Stage D (Design Development) involves the completion of the project brief and the further development of the concept designs. At this stage a cost estimate, or information for a cost estimate, must be provided and the architect will be working closely with statutory planning authorities, for instance, local planning departments. The architect must also prepare a detailed planning application, including drawings and an Access and Design Statement. At the end of stage D the architect must obtain signed approval by the client of a stage D report (this is broadly outlined in Task 3). The Shirebrook Academy has just seen the completion of this stage and has now been submitted to planning. b) Involvement by the architectural technologist in the science and technology of the building, rather than the creative and artistic side, is the main difference between the work of the architect and the architectural technologist. Many of the tasks undertaken overlap with the work of the architect and a strong collaboration exists. For example, when working on stages C and D both architect and architectural technologist may work together on developing the project brief and design programme, each contributing specific skills to the project. The architectural technologist may contribute by evaluating and advising upon environmental strategies and material specification, while the architect may work on spatial relationships and movement path diagrams. c) CIAT is a non-profit organization which aims to further the profession and the interests of people working within it. Being a member of CIAT gives many benefits. Firstly, CIAT is the only professional and chartered body that represents architectural technologists and technicians. The different grades of membership/qualification represent a persons competence in an area and this is recognised across the industry. As a student the main benefits of membership may be though the prospect of increased career opportunities. Potential employers recognise the body and that you have a professional attitude and commitment to developing. Membership also brings more direct benefits to a student, such as the vast access to current up to date information on policies and practices. This is available digitally online or though seminars and lectures. For instance, if up to date information on a certain material is needed for the Shirebrook school project, being a member of CIAT would give access to information sheets and technical guidance on the material. Being a member also provides the opportunity to network with other members allowing knowledge to be shared. Other benefits of membership include several free gifts and discounts. Members get free subscriptions to the Building Products magazine and discounts on other magazines and books, such as, the Architects Journal and books at the RIBA bookshop. Membership allows you to apply for scholarships and awards run by the body, in particular the Student Award for Technical Excellence in Architectural Technology, which again helps to show your ability to employers. Finally, as a member free professional indemnity insurance and legal support are available to you if needed. Few reasons for not joining CIAT exist so I would strongly advise you to join. The only perceivable drawback is the membership fee, although as a student this would not apply to you. Task 3 a) There are many reasons why the design team have chosen to procure much of the Shirebrook project off-site. Several drivers for change have made prefabrication the best choice. The political driver for off-site construction can be traced back to two documents published in1994 and 1998: Constructing the Team by Sir Michael Latham and Rethinking Construction by Sir John Egan. These reports were designed to drive the industry forward. The Latham report suggested partnering (between suppliers and clients) and both reports suggest that prefabrication can offer greater on-site quality and efficiency and less time spent on site. Other driving forces towards off-site construction are the shortage of skilled onsite workers and more rigorous building regulations being put in place. Using off-site construction techniques can also has a more direct impact on the project in terms of cost savings and quality improvements. Firstly, costs can be cut due to the several factors. The nature of off-site construction means than building can be erected quickly on site. This means that skilled workers spend less time on site, so do not need to be paid for long time periods. Secondly, off-site construction can lead to less wastage of materials because more components can be ordered and cut to size, thus, reducing cost of materials as well as the embodied carbon in the building. Spending less time on site also means that the risk of accidents occurring is reduced. Quality and performance of the construction can be improved greatly as manufacturing components in factories means that they can be precision machined to high levels of accuracy within a controlled climate. Consequently, less of the construction process is subject to the risks associated with adverse weather which can lead to less defects and a greater quality finished product. With the use of off-site prefabrication the building regulations for such things as thermal and acoustic performance can be met more easily; a good example of this is SIPs panels. In conclusion, both the Latham and Egan reports suggest off-site manufacture and the associated benefits of cost-effectiveness, safety and speed are the main reasons why the Shirebrook School is being procured in this way. Also, the current government BSF (Building Schools for the Future) initiative aims to replace or rebuild all secondary schools in England by 2020; this means that projects need to follow fast routs of procurement. The Shirebrook School will hopefully reach completion on time (aim for doors open to students in Sept 2010). This will be made more achievable through the use of off-site construction and prefabrication methods. b) The main drawbacks of off-site construction involve transport and logistics: with transport being one area where prefabricated buildings are frequently criticised. Large units need to be transported usually by road this means more fuel is used contributing to greater emissions. The use and size of prefabricated components is also limited by the condition of the site transport and access. The maximum width for an unaccompanied load in the UK is 2.9 m (this can be increased to 4.3 m with a police escort). BRE output 209291 Another drawback of off-site construction may be the longer lead in time for design and manufacture which may be required as a consequence of the involvement of additional parties. Effective coordination of component manufacture lines is required. If one component is late then there is a knock on effect on the whole construction time. Also, on conventional sites substituting a product is not usually a problems, whereas, substituting or changing materials and products during the design of a building procured off-site may create problems in the factory. Some aesthetic limitations do exist especially in modular off-site construction techniques, however, in my opinion the benefits of off-site construction far outweigh the drawbacks. Task 4 a) The main reason for work stage reports are because they provide an effective means of managing the project and maintaining control of the project. At the end of each of the RIBA work stage a reports is submitted to the client. Work stage reports combine information from different groups into one document. This allows the client to monitor the performance and progress of the entire project on a regular basis. After each stage the client can then give approval so that the project can continue to the next stage: usually by signing off the work stage report, particularly at stages D and E. The initial work stage reports help by stating clear objectives of the project. Work stage reports can be used to identify changes to the project or project brief and allow subsequent changes and action to be taken. They allow clients to see things such as the resources and finance required to complete the project. For example at the end of each stage reports on costs can be analysed by the client to check the project remains viable and affordable. The report ensures that the design meets the needs of the client. The work stage system allows progression of the project. After each stage a new set of objectives or instructions can be laid out by the client for the following stage if required. Work stage reports may also be useful as they can be used to fulfil legal and authoritative obligations. For example, they can be used in the event of legal problems to show that proper procedures have been followed at each stage. Reports also ensure that safety procedures are followed and recorded and ensure that projects meet the required safety standards and requirements. In addition, work stage reports provide a comprehensive documentation of the construction process from start to finish. A work stage report at the end of stage D can be used to help obtain planning permission by submission to the relevant planning board. At the conclusion of Stage D, the satisfied client must sign off the Design and the Project Brief. After stage D any changes made by the client will mean additional expenses. b) Contents of Stage D report: The following Stage D report outline contents page shows outputs associated with the Architects office. The report would usually also contain information from structural, electrical, environmental and mechanical engineers (depending on the design). 1. Finalised Project Brief developed from the Strategic Brief 2. Detailed Proposals Design intentions Site layout Planning and spatial arrangements Build and construction information Environmental systems information 2.6 Environmental impact assessment Schedule of Accommodation, showing areas, gross areas and percentages Outline Specifications Risk Assessment 6. Full Planning application, application for listed building consent or application for conservation area consent, including: 6.1. Prototypes mock-ups and model images, in context with site 6.2. Development proposals (drawings at 1:200 for Comprehensive Design Project) 6.3 Design and Access Statement 6.4 Developments and changes to existing buildings 7. A full set of project drawings. (The scope of which is shown below). 8. Cost information Projected cost estimate An elemental cost plan Firm cost plan c) Accompanying drawing for stage D (all scales will depend on the nature and size of the project) Flow diagrams showing layouts and relationships. (Varying scales depending on nature of drawing up to around 1:50) Site plan, showing hard and soft landscaping (1:500 for Shirebrook School Development) All building floor plans in context with the surrounding landscape and buildings. (Scale 1:200 for Shirebrook School Development). All key elevations in context with the surrounding landscape and buildings. (Scale 1:200 for Shirebrook School Development). Key Sections, annotated and showing materials and integration of services and systems (1:200 and 1:100 for Shirebrook School Development but up to 1:50 depending on nature of the drawing)

Judicial Precedent Essay

Judicial Precedent is another important source of law, it is an independent source of law, where there are no legislations on the particular point in statute Books, and Judicial Precedent works great. Judicial precedent has been accepted as one of the important sources of law in most of the legal systems. It is also a continuous, growing source of law. According to Salmond, the doctrine of precedent has two meanings, namely (1) in a loose sense precedent includes merely reported case-law which may be cited and follows by the court, (2) in its strict sense, precedent means that case-law which not only has a great binding authority. But must also be followed. There are variety of different views about the nature of judicial precedent. According to Jermy Bentham, Precedent is a judge-made Law while Austine calls it as judiciary’s law; Keeton holds precedents as those judicial pronouncements of the court which carry with them certain authority having a binding force. In simple wor ds precedent means judge-made decisions which are used in further cases. A judicial precedent is purely constitutive in nature and never abrogative. Means it can create law but cannot abolish it. The judges are not at liberty to substitute their own views where there is a settled principle of law. They can only fill in the gaps in the legal system and so we can say that precedent means a case decided previously. Or precedent is any set pattern upon which future conduct may be based. Judicial precedent is a decision by a competent court of justice upon a disputed point of view which becomes, not merely a guide but an authority to be followed by all courts of co-ordinate or inferior jurisdiction and administrating the same system until it has been overruled by a court of superior jurisdiction or by a statute of superior authority, e.g., an Act of Parliament. The justification of the binding rule of judicial precedent is based on the several reasons these are that, precedent is based on practical experience. Rather than logic, it is based on convenience in the sense that it is provided in settled law and thus saved the labour of judges. It prevents error of judgment by individual judges, it prevents partiality on the part of the judges It helps lawyers to take a cautious view of the development of law on the basis of past judicial experience because of above all factors precedents are become achieve important place as one of the important source of law. Precedents can be classified into two categories: (1) Authoritative and (2) Persuasive. The authoritative precedent is one  which has a binding force and the judge must follow it whether he approves it or not. Authoritative precedents are the decisions of superior court of justice which are binding on subordinate courts. For ex. Supreme Court, High Courts, Persuasive precedents, on the other hand, is on which the judges are under no obligation to follow but which they may take into consideration at the time of making decision. Now from all above discussion we are well able to understand precedent, how we discussed the position of precedent in real practice and its recent value in administration of justice. In the recent years, the value of the doctrine of precedent has become a debatable issue. In England the importance of precedent is much more than in any continental country, that is why it is often said that judicial precedent is an unique feature of common law countries because the great body of the common law or unwritten law is almost entirely the product of decided cases and common law of England has been created by the decision of English judges and precedent is not merely evidence of the law but a source of it and the courts are bound to follow the law that is so established. House of Lords is the highest Court in England, its decisions bind all the inferior courts, the House of Lords itself is bound by its own previous decision but this position after a long controversy and various debates become change after the famous classic case. Boys v. Chaplin, 1968 IAIIER 283 and it is finally decided that as the House of Lords is the highest court in England, its decisions are absolutely binding on all inferior courts. But House of Lords is now not bound by its own earlier decisions and so nowadays House of Lords is not bound by its own previous decisions. In continental countries like Germany France, Italy, judicial precedent has only instructive value and it is not authoritative. In these countries its importance is no greater than that of a textbook of law. In India judicial precedent has great value. The position of precedent becomes clear after 1950 and the doctrine of precedent gets a constitutional recognition. Art. 141 of the constitution provide that law declared by the Supreme Court to be binding on all courts, within the territory of India. It is clear from the wordings of Article 141 that the law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts in India. But there after in various debates question arises that, whether the expression all courts include Supreme Court also. This question gives birth to various new views, that whether Supreme Court follows the British model of the House  of Lords of ‘be bound’ or the U.S.A. Supreme Court ‘not be bound’. This question was first discussed by S.C. in the famous case. Now it is finally concluded from all forgoing discussion that the position of precedent from past to presen t is changed in vast dimensions and importance. Value of precedent is now decreased to some extent and new concepts of prospective overruling has evolved to avoid the complications in vast changing society. In true sense precedents enable the judges to re-shape law according to the social need and at the same time the binding authority of the precedent acts as an effective check on the arbitrary discretion of the judges. Precedent helps common people to know about the intricate principles of law. Precedent helps Lawyers in their argument without waste of unnecessary time and energy whenever they want to cite any case-law. It also provides useful guidelines for the judges in deciding cases before them. But there are some contrary arguments towards precedent as Bentham did not recognize precedent as law at all because it lacks binding force of the state. Some critics argue that, statute law is more important than precedent, they say that, judicial precedents are published in law reports which are in such a large number that it becom es practically difficult to find out a particular case from such a voluminous legal literature and so it is very time consuming, they also contend that, at one time, different courts express conflicting opinions on the same point which renders the validity of precedent doubtful and uncertain and there is always a possibility of erroneous judgment in such a case. Another objection which is quite often raised against precedent is that development of law through case-law more or less depends upon chance, because there is no test available for determining the validity of law made by precedent. Sometimes erroneous decisions of S.C. create practical problems for the subordinate judges as they are bound to follow these decisions howsoever wrong or defective. This adversely affects the growth and development of law in the right direction. But despite the aforesaid critical argument, judicial precedent has been as one of the important sources of law in most of the legal systems particularly U.K., U.S.A., Australia, Afro-Asian countries and India as the merits of the binding effect of the precedent (decision) it must be stated that it gives certainty and uniformity to law and brings about its scientific development and precedents always remain an effective weapon of shaping and developing  law according to the needs of the changing society.

Essay about Conflict Resolution - 1105 Words

Conflict Resolution Many people enjoy working or participating in a group or team, but when a group of people work together chances are that conflicts will occur. Hazleton describes conflict as the discrepancy between what is the perceived reality and what is seen as ideal (2007). â€Å"We enter into conflicts reluctantly, cautiously, angrily, nervously, confidently- and emerge from them battered, exhausted, sad, satisfied, triumphant. And still many of us underestimate or overlook the merits of conflict- the opportunity conflict offers every time it occurs† (Schilling, nd.). Conflict does not have to lead to a hostile environment or to broken relationships. Conflict if resolved effectively can lead to a positive experience for everyone†¦show more content†¦Keeping all these in mind can lead to the best solution to solve the conflict. Change and Expectations People do not always adjust well to change. Oftentimes when change occurs, conflict will arise. The new boss on the job or the new member of the team may be the change that brings a conflict. Expectations if not set clearly and held to standard can also lead to conflict among the team. Expectations must be set from the beginning. Expectations must also be clear and it must be verified that each team member understands the expectations. If a short coming on the expectations occurs, then action must be taken immediately. If no action is taken this could be understood as silent approval and team members will believe that the expectation is no longer important or required. When conflict does occur, the five models set out in The Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Instrument sets the standards for resolving the conflict. Avoidance Avoidance is defined as â€Å"an act or practice of avoiding or withdrawing from something† (Merriam-Webster.com). Avoidance may not b e the answer if the conflict directly affects the team or the team’s goal. 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